社交媒体的重要性在过去几十年中增加了流畅,因为它帮助人们甚至是世界上最偏远的角落保持联系。随着技术的出现,数字媒体比以往任何时候都变得更加相关和广泛使用,并且在此之后,假冒新闻和推文的流通中有一种复兴,需要立即关注。在本文中,我们描述了一种新的假新闻检测系统,可自动识别新闻项目是“真实的”或“假”,作为我们在英语挑战中的约束Covid-19假新闻检测中的工作的延伸。我们使用了一个由预先训练的模型组成的集合模型,然后是统计特征融合网络,以及通过在新闻项目或推文中的各种属性,如源,用户名处理,URL域和作者中的各种属性结合到统计特征中的各种属性。我们所提出的框架还规定了可靠的预测性不确定性以及分类任务的适当类别输出置信水平。我们在Covid-19假新闻数据集和Fakenewsnet数据集上评估了我们的结果,以显示所提出的算法在短期内容中检测假新闻以及新闻文章中的算法。我们在Covid-19数据集中获得了0.9892的最佳F1分,以及Fakenewsnet数据集的F1分数为0.9073。
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Modern deep learning models are over-parameterized, where the optimization setup strongly affects the generalization performance. A key element of reliable optimization for these systems is the modification of the loss function. Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) modifies the underlying loss function to guide descent methods towards flatter minima, which arguably have better generalization abilities. In this paper, we focus on a variant of SAM known as mSAM, which, during training, averages the updates generated by adversarial perturbations across several disjoint shards of a mini-batch. Recent work suggests that mSAM can outperform SAM in terms of test accuracy. However, a comprehensive empirical study of mSAM is missing from the literature -- previous results have mostly been limited to specific architectures and datasets. To that end, this paper presents a thorough empirical evaluation of mSAM on various tasks and datasets. We provide a flexible implementation of mSAM and compare the generalization performance of mSAM to the performance of SAM and vanilla training on different image classification and natural language processing tasks. We also conduct careful experiments to understand the computational cost of training with mSAM, its sensitivity to hyperparameters and its correlation with the flatness of the loss landscape. Our analysis reveals that mSAM yields superior generalization performance and flatter minima, compared to SAM, across a wide range of tasks without significantly increasing computational costs.
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In this paper, we view a policy or plan as a transition system over a space of information states that reflect a robot's or other observer's perspective based on limited sensing, memory, computation, and actuation. Regardless of whether policies are obtained by learning algorithms, planning algorithms, or human insight, we want to know the limits of feasibility for given robot hardware and tasks. Toward the quest to find the best policies, we establish in a general setting that minimal information transition systems (ITSs) exist up to reasonable equivalence assumptions, and are unique under some general conditions. We then apply the theory to generate new insights into several problems, including optimal sensor fusion/filtering, solving basic planning tasks, and finding minimal representations for feasible policies.
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Recent increases in computing power have enabled the numerical simulation of many complex flow problems that are of practical and strategic interest for naval applications. A noticeable area of advancement is the computation of turbulent, two-phase flows resulting from wave breaking and other multiphase flow processes such as cavitation that can generate underwater sound and entrain bubbles in ship wakes, among other effects. Although advanced flow solvers are sophisticated and are capable of simulating high Reynolds number flows on large numbers of grid points, challenges in data analysis remain. Specifically, there is a critical need to transform highly resolved flow fields described on fine grids at discrete time steps into physically resolved features for which the flow dynamics can be understood and utilized in naval applications. This paper presents our recent efforts in this field. In previous works, we developed a novel algorithm to track bubbles in breaking wave simulations and to interpret their dynamical behavior over time (Gao et al., 2021a). We also discovered a new physical mechanism driving bubble production within breaking wave crests (Gao et al., 2021b) and developed a model to relate bubble behaviors to underwater sound generation (Gao et al., 2021c). In this work, we applied our bubble tracking algorithm to the breaking waves simulations and investigated the bubble trajectories, bubble creation mechanisms, and bubble acoustics based on our previous works.
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Skeleton-based Motion Capture (MoCap) systems have been widely used in the game and film industry for mimicking complex human actions for a long time. MoCap data has also proved its effectiveness in human activity recognition tasks. However, it is a quite challenging task for smaller datasets. The lack of such data for industrial activities further adds to the difficulties. In this work, we have proposed an ensemble-based machine learning methodology that is targeted to work better on MoCap datasets. The experiments have been performed on the MoCap data given in the Bento Packaging Activity Recognition Challenge 2021. Bento is a Japanese word that resembles lunch-box. Upon processing the raw MoCap data at first, we have achieved an astonishing accuracy of 98% on 10-fold Cross-Validation and 82% on Leave-One-Out-Cross-Validation by using the proposed ensemble model.
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现在,越来越多的人依靠在线平台来满足其健康信息需求。因此,确定不一致或矛盾的文本健康信息已成为一项关键的任务。健康建议数据提出了一个独特的挑战,在一个诊断的背景下,在另一个诊断的背景下是准确的信息。例如,患有糖尿病和高血压的人通常会在饮食方面得到矛盾的健康建议。这激发了对可以提供上下文化的,特定于用户的健康建议的技术的需求。朝着情境化建议迈出的关键一步是能够比较健康建议陈述并检测它们是否以及如何冲突的能力。这是健康冲突检测(HCD)的任务。鉴于两个健康建议,HCD的目标是检测和分类冲突的类型。这是一项具有挑战性的任务,因为(i)自动识别和分类冲突需要更深入地了解文本的语义,并且(ii)可用数据的数量非常有限。在这项研究中,我们是第一个在预先训练的语言模型的背景下探索HCD的人。我们发现,Deberta-V3在所有实验中的平均F1得分为0.68。我们还研究了不同冲突类型所带来的挑战,以及合成数据如何改善模型对冲突特定语义的理解。最后,我们强调了收集实际健康冲突的困难,并提出了一种人类的合成数据增强方法来扩展现有的HCD数据集。我们的HCD培训数据集比现有的HCD数据集大2倍以上,并在GitHub上公开可用。
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有效的缩放和灵活的任务接口使大型语言模型能够在许多任务中表现出色。帕利(Pali)根据视觉和文本输入生成文本,并使用该界面以许多语言执行许多视觉,语言和多模式任务。为了训练帕利,我们利用了大型的编码器语言模型和视觉变压器(VITS)。这使我们能够利用其现有能力,并利用培训它们的大量成本。我们发现,视觉和语言组成部分的联合缩放很重要。由于现有的语言变压器比其视觉对应物要大得多,因此我们训练迄今为止最大的VIT(VIT-E),以量化甚至大容量视觉模型的好处。为了训练Pali,我们基于一个新的图像文本训练集,其中包含10B图像和文本,以100多种语言来创建大型的多语言组合。帕利(Pali)在多个视觉和语言任务(例如字幕,视觉问题,索方式,场景文本理解)中实现了最新的,同时保留了简单,模块化和可扩展的设计。
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由于数据不平衡和有限,半监督的医学图像分割方法通常无法为某些特定的尾部类别产生卓越的性能。对这些特定课程的培训不足可能会引入更多的噪音,从而影响整体学习。为了减轻这一缺点并确定表现不佳的课程,我们建议保持一个信心阵列,以记录培训期间的班级表现。提出了这些置信分数的模糊融合,以适应每个样本中的个人置信度指标,而不是传统的合奏方法,其中为所有测试案例分配了一组预定义的固定权重。此外,我们引入了一种强大的班级抽样方法和动态稳定,以获得更好的训练策略。我们提出的方法考虑了所有表现不佳的班级,并具有动态权重,并试图在训练过程中消除大多数噪音。通过对两个心脏MRI数据集进行评估,ACDC和MMWHS,我们提出的方法显示出有效性和概括性,并且优于文献中发现的几种最先进的方法。
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在本文中,我们介绍了基于差异驱动器快照机器人和模拟的用户研究的基于倾斜的控制的实现,目的是将相同的功能带入真正的远程介绍机器人。参与者使用平衡板来控制机器人,并通过头部安装的显示器查看了虚拟环境。使用平衡板作为控制装置的主要动机源于虚拟现实(VR)疾病;即使是您自己的身体与屏幕上看到的动作相匹配的小动作也降低了视力和前庭器官之间的感觉冲突,这是大多数关于VR疾病发作的理论的核心。为了检验平衡委员会作为控制方法的假设比使用操纵杆要少可恶意,我们设计了一个用户研究(n = 32,15名女性),参与者在虚拟环境中驾驶模拟差异驱动器机器人, Nintendo Wii平衡板或操纵杆。但是,我们的预注册的主要假设不得到支持。操纵杆并没有使参与者引起更多的VR疾病,而委员会在统计学上的主观和客观性上都更加难以使用。分析开放式问题表明这些结果可能是有联系的,这意味着使用的困难似乎会影响疾病。即使在测试之前的无限训练时间也没有像熟悉的操纵杆那样容易使用。因此,使董事会更易于使用是启用其潜力的关键。我们为这个目标提供了一些可能性。
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基于深度学习的潜在表示已被广泛用于众多科学可视化应用,例如等法相似性分析,音量渲染,流场合成和数据减少,仅举几例。但是,现有的潜在表示主要以无监督的方式从原始数据生成,这使得很难合并域兴趣以控制潜在表示的大小和重建数据的质量。在本文中,我们提出了一种新颖的重要性驱动的潜在表示,以促进领域利益引导的科学数据可视化和分析。我们利用空间重要性图来代表各种科学利益,并将它们作为特征转化网络的输入来指导潜在的生成。我们通过与自动编码器一起训练的无损熵编码算法,进一步降低了潜在尺寸,从而提高了存储和存储效率。我们通过多个科学可视化应用程序的数据进行定性和定量评估我们方法产生的潜图的有效性和效率。
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